植物营养与肥料学报   2018, Vol. 24  Issue (1): 1-21 0 PDF

Nutrient resource quantity of crop straw and its potential of substituting
SONG Da-li, HOU Sheng-peng , WANG Xiu-bin, LIANG Guo-qing, ZHOU Wei
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract: 【Objectives】 The paperis aimed to find out the quantity of straws and assess their potentials as nutrient resources in China, which is of great significance for making full use of straw resources, improving fertilizer use efficiency, achieving zero growth of chemical fertilizers and ensuring national food security. 【Methods】 Rice, wheat, maize, soybean, potato, peanut and rapeseed were chosen as the research objects. Based on agricultural statistics and published literatures, the amount of crop straws and the contained nutrient resources were estimated in 2015. The optimum fertilizer application rates of different crops in different regions were analyzed, and the proper percents of straw nutrient were proposed for the substitution of chemical nutrients through returning to field in China. 【Results】 In 2015, the amount of the main crop straws in China was 718.7853 million tons, containing 6.256 million tons of N, 1.979 million tons of P2O5 and 11.595 million tons of K2O, respectively. The largest straw nutrient resources were from rice, wheat and maize, accounting for 33.1%, 14.5% and 34.2% of the total nutrient resources. Of the other straws, rapeseeds contained the largest nutrient amount, which was accounted for 7.6% of the total resources. The highest straw mass was produced in North China Plain and the Middle-lower reaches of Changjiang River, accounting for 26.4% and 26.2% of the whole yields across China, respectively. The total nutrient amounts were the highest in the straws of Heilongjiang Province, followed by those of Henan and Shandong Provinces, accounting for 10.3%, 9.5% and 6.8%, respectively. In 2015 in China, the main crops sown area was 120 million hectares, the economic yield was 630 million tons, which demand theoretically N, P2O5and K2O inputs of 15, 6 and 17 million tons, respectively. In case of the total straws be returned to fields, the nutirents brought to fields would be as much as N 54.4 kg/hm2, P2O515.5 kg/hm2and K2O 88.1 kg/hm2, which were accounted for 38.4%, 18.9% and 85.5% of the chemical fertilizers, respectively. 【Conclusions】 The crop straw quantities and the contained nutrient resources are tremendous in China, showing regional characteristics in straw sources and amount. Exploring and making full use of straw nutrient resources will provide an effective and environmental friendly resolution for realizing zero chemical fertilizer increase and improving efficiency of agricultural production.
Key words: straw yield     nutrient     chemical fertilizer reduction

1 研究方法与数据来源 1.1 研究对象与区域划分

1.2 种植制度划分

1.3 秸秆养分资源数量核算方法

 ${{W}}i = \mathop \sum \limits_{j = 1}^7 Yij \times Rj \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad$
 ${W{\rm N}}\left({\rm{N}} \right) = {{Wj}} \times {{N}}j\quad\quad\quad\quad\,\,\,$
 ${W{\rm P}}\left({{{\rm{P}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_5}} \right) = {{Wj}} \times {{P}}j \times 2.29\,\,$
 ${W{\rm K}}\left({{{\rm{K}}_2}{\rm{O}}} \right) = {{Wj}} \times {{K}}j \times 1.2\,\,\,\,\,$

2 结果与分析 2.1 中国主要农作物秸秆资源数量

2.2 主要农作物秸秆资源分布

2.3 主要农作物化学养分需求量

2.4 秸秆还田养分资源量

2.5 不同比例秸秆还田可替代化肥养分的潜力

2.6 不同种植制度下秸秆养分资源量

2.7 不同种植制度下秸秆还田替代化肥养分的潜力

2.8 长期秸秆还田对土壤养分的影响

3 讨论 3.1 加强秸秆养分资源利用

3.2 加强秸秆还田关键技术研究

4 结论